Cicero, Somnium Scipionis (de Re Publica VI) Cicero, Scipio's Dream|||||| Cicero, Der Traum des Scipio (de Re Publica VI) Cicero, Scipio's Dream Cicerón, El sueño de Escipión (de Re Publica VI) Cicéron, Le Rêve de Scipion (de Re Publica VI) Cicerone, Il sogno di Scipione (de Re Publica VI) Cícero, O Sonho de Cipião (de Re Publica VI)

(9) Scipio: "Cum in Africam venissem M.' Scipio||||| ||||来たとき| (9) Scipio: "When I came into Africa M. スキピオ:「私がアフリカに来たとき、M. Manilio consuli ad quartam legionem tribunus, ut scitis, militum, nihil mihi fuit potius, quam ut Masinissam convenirem regem, familiae nostrae iustis de causis amicissimum. ||||||||der Soldaten|||war|"wichtiger"|||Masinissa den König|Masinissa treffen|König Masinissa|unserer Familie||gerechte Gründe||aus Gründen der|sehr befreundet |to the consul|to|||||||||||||||||"of our family"|||| |執政官|||第4軍団||||||||||||||||||| Manilius, der Tribun des Konsuls der vierten Legion, wie Sie wissen, der Soldaten, hatte nichts Besseres für mich, als den König Masinissa zu treffen, der aus guten Gründen ein enger Freund unserer Familie ist. The consul Manilius, tribune of the fourth legion, as you know, the military, there is nothing to me It was in fact, than that he should meet Masinissa, the king, let it out of the causes of a close friend of our family. Manilio, tribuno del console della quarta legione, come sai, dei soldati, non aveva di meglio per me che incontrare il re Masinissa, che per giusti motivi è il migliore amico della nostra famiglia. マニリウス副領事 、第四軍団の軍団長として、ご存知のように、私にとって最優先事項は、私たちの家族にとって正当な理由で非常に友好的なマシニッサ王に会うことでした。 Ad quem ut veni, complexus me senex collacrimavit aliquantoque post suspexit ad caelum et: 'Grates', inquit, 'tibi ago, summe Sol, vobisque, reliqui Caelites, quod, antequam ex hac vita migro, conspicio in meo regno et his tectis P. Cornelium Scipionem, cuius ego nomine ipso recreor; ita numquam ex animo meo discedit illius optimi atque invictissimi viri memoria.' |"zu dem"|||umarmte mich|mich|alter Mann|weinte zusammen|etwas später||blickte auf|||und|||dir |danke ich|höchster Gott|Sonne|euch allen|übrigen Götter|Himmelsgötter|dass|bevor ich sterbe||||auswandere|erblicke||||und|seinen|Dächern||||||||wiederbelebt werde|so|niemals||||niemals verlässt|jenes|bestem||||Erinnerung |||||||"wept together"|"somewhat"||"looked up"||the heavens|||||"I give"|"highest" or "greatest"|sun god|"and you"|remaining heavenly beings|||"before"||||"Depart from"|"I see"||my own|"kingdom" or "realm"|||"roofs" or "buildings"||||||||"revived"||||||"leaves"||||most unconquerable hero|| |||来た||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||家屋||||||||元気づけられる||||||離れない|||||| Zu dem, als ich kam, brach der alte Mann in Tränen aus, blickte nach einer Weile zum Himmel auf und sagte: „Danke“, sagte er, „dir, höchste Sonne, und dir, dem Rest der Welt Himmlische, denn bevor ich dieses Leben verlasse, sehe ich in meinem Reich und unter diesen Dächern Cornelius Scipio, dessen Namen ich neu erschaffe; so verlasse ich nie die Erinnerung an diesen besten und unbesiegbarsten Mann.“ I came to him, having embraced me, an old man, collacrimavit for a little while after, looked up to heaven and said: 'gratis', he said, "to Thee I render, O highest Sun, for myself, for the rest of the' s murder, therefore, that before this life, being permitted to behold in my own Kingdom and under these skies P . Cornelius Scipio, whose name itself refreshes me: and it is never depart, let him out of my mind the memory of that best and most invincible of men. ' Al che, come io venni, il vecchio cominciò a piangere, e dopo un po' alzò gli occhi al cielo e disse: 'Grazie,' disse, 'a te, altissimo Sole, ea te, il resto del Celesti, perché, prima che io parta da questa vita, vedo nel mio regno e sotto questi tetti Cornelio Scipione, di cui ricrea il nome stesso; così il ricordo di quell'uomo eccellente e invincibilissimo non si allontana mai dalla mia mente». 私が到着すると、老人は私を抱きしめ、少し後に天を見上げて、『最高の太陽よ、お礼を申し上げます、そして他の神々よ、私がこの世を去る前に、私の王国とこの家でピュブリウス・コルネリウス・スキピオを見ることができることに感謝します。私は彼の名前だけで元気付けられる。この優れたそして無敵の男の記憶は私の心から決して消えないでしょう』と言いました。 Deinde ego illum de suo regno, ille me de nostra re publica percontatus est, multisque verbis ultro citroque habitis ille nobis consumptus est dies. ||ihn||seinem eigenen Reich||Jener|mich|||||nachgefragt|ist gewesen|vielen Worten|||hin und her|gehalten wurden sind||||| "Then" or "Next"||him||||||||||inquired|||"with words"||"back and forth"|"having been exchanged"||||| ||||||||||||||||自発的に||交わされた||||| Dann fragte ich ihn nach seinem Reich, er fragte mich nach unserem Zustand, und wir verbrachten den Tag mit vielen Worten hin und her. Then I will take him away from his kingdom, he asked me about my state, and many of us with both sides regarding the last day. Poi gli ho chiesto del suo regno, mi ha chiesto del nostro stato e abbiamo passato la giornata in molte parole avanti e indietro. その後、彼は自分の王国について、私は共和国について尋ね、何日かかけて多くの言葉を交わし合いました。

(10) Post autem apparatu regio accepti sermonem in multam noctem produximus, cum senex nihil nisi de Africano loqueretur omniaque eius non facta solum, sed etiam dicta meminisset. Nach dem Empfang||königlichen Prunk||angenommen|Rede, Gespräch, Ansprache||||verlängerten wir|als||||||über Africanus sprach|||||||||sich erinnerte an ||royal splendor|||the conversation|||||||||||||||||"but" or "however"|||"had remembered" |||||||||延ばした|||||||||||||||| (10) Nachdem die Vorbereitungen beim König eingegangen waren, führten wir das Gespräch bis spät in die Nacht hinein, als der alte Mann nur noch von Afrikanern sprach und sich nicht nur an alles erinnerte, was er getan, sondern auch was er gesagt hatte . (10) After the preparations had been received by the king, we carried on the conversation late into the night, when the old man spoke of nothing but the African, and remembered not only all his deeds, but also his words. (10) その後、王宮の儀式が終わり、老人は一晩中アフリカヌスについてしか話さず、彼の行いだけでなく言葉まで思い出していた。 Deinde, ut cubitum discessimus, me et de via fessum, et qui ad multam noctem vigilassem, artior, quam solebat, somnus complexus est. ||ins Bett gehen||||||||||||wach geblieben wäre|tieferer Schlaf|enger als gewöhnlich|gewöhnlich war|Schlaf|Tiefer Schlaf umfing| "Then" or "Next"||to bed|we departed|||||"tired"||||||had stayed awake|"tighter" or "more tightly"||||| ||肘をつく|立ち去った||||||||||||深い||||| Als wir uns dann ins Bett zurückzogen, schlief ich, müde von der Reise und spät in der Nacht aufgestanden, fester als sonst. Then, as we retired to bed, I, being both tired from the journey, and who had been awake till late at night, fell asleep more closely than usual. そして、私たちは寝床についた時、長い旅で疲れた私と一晩中起きていた人々は、いつもより深い眠りについた。 Hic mihi—credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti; fit enim fere, ut cogitationes sermonesque nostri pariant aliquid in somno tale, quale de Homero scribit Ennius, de quo videlicet saepissime vigilans solebat cogitare et loqui—Africanus se ostendit ea forma, quae mihi ex imagine eius quam ex ipso erat notior; quem ubi agnovi, equidem cohorrui, sed ille: 'Ades,' inquit, 'animo et omitte timorem, Scipio, et, quae dicam, trade memoriae! |||||||||||||Gedanken|Gespräche und Gedanken||gebären|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||"spoken"|"it happens"||||Thoughts|"conversations"||"produce" or "give birth"|"something"||sleep, dream|such a thing|||||||||very often|"awake"|"used to"|"to think"||to speak|||"showed himself"||||||likeness||||||better known|||"I recognized"|indeed|"I shuddered"||||he said|||"omit"|||||"I shall say"|| |||確かに||||私たちだった|話した||||||||||||||||||||||awake|||||||||||||||||||より知られている|||||震え上がった|||||||||||||| Here to me—I believe indeed from this, that we had spoken; for it generally happens that our thoughts and words give birth to something in a dream, such as Ennius writes of Homer, of whom it is evident that he used to think and talk very often while awake—the African shows himself in that form, which was better known to me from his image than from him; when I recognized him, I was indeed terrified, but he said: 'Ades,' said he, 'take heart and forget your fear, Scipio, and, what I have to say, give me memory! Qui a me - credo davvero da questo, che avevamo parlato; poiché accade generalmente che i nostri pensieri e le nostre parole partoriscano qualcosa in un sogno, come Ennio scrive di Omero, di cui è evidente che pensava e parlava molto spesso da sveglio - l'Africano si mostra in quella forma, che mi era più noto dalla sua immagine che da lui; quando l'ho riconosciuto, ero davvero terrorizzato, ma ha detto: 'Ades,' ha detto, 'coraggio e dimentica la tua paura, Scipione, e, che ho da dire, dammi memoria! その時、私に—たぶん私たちが話していたからか、私たちの思考や話し合いが夢に何かを生むことがよくあるのです。エンニウスが記述したホメロスについてのもののような夢を見ることがあるのです。彼はその姿で現れ、彼のイメージよりも彼自身から私にはよく知られていた。私が彼を認識すると、確かに震えましたが、彼は言いました。'安心して、スキピオ、恐れることはありません。私が言うことを心に刻み込んでください。' (11) Videsne illam urbem, quae parere populo Romano coacta per me renovat pristina bella nec potest quiescere?' do you see||||give birth|||forced||||former||||to rest ||||従う|||強制された||||元の||||静まることができない (11) Siehst du diese Stadt, die, von mir gezwungen, sich dem römischen Volk zu unterwerfen, ihre früheren Kriege erneuert und nicht ruhen kann?' (11) Do you see that city which, compelled by me to submit to the Roman people, renews its former wars and cannot rest?' Ostendebat autem Carthaginem de excelso et pleno stellarum, illustri et claro quodam loco. was showing||||high and elevated|||stars||||| ||カルタゴを|||||||||| Now he pointed to Carthage from a high and full of stars, a certain famous and clear place. Ora indicava Cartagine dall'alto e piena di stelle, un certo luogo famoso e chiaro. 'Ad quam tu oppugnandam nunc venis paene miles. ||||||almost|soldier |||攻撃するために|||| »Darauf kommst du jetzt fast wie ein Soldat, um anzugreifen. 'To which you now come to attack almost a soldier. 'A cui ora vieni ad attaccare quasi un soldato. 「今、征服しようとしているこの場所に、ほぼ兵士としてやってきた。」 Hanc hoc biennio consul evertes, eritque cognomen id tibi per te partum, quod habes adhuc a nobis hereditarium. ||biennium||you will overturn|will be|||||||||||| ||||転覆する||||||||||||| You shall overthrow this consul in two years, and the surname which was given to you by you will be that which you still have inherited from us. Rovescerai questo console in due anni e il cognome che ti è stato dato da te sarà quello che hai ancora ereditato da noi. 「この2年以内に、君は元老院議員を倒し、そして君独自に手に入れた称号を持つことになります。これは我々から受け継いできたものです。」 Cum autem Carthaginem deleveris, triumphum egeris censorque fueris et obieris legatus Aegyptum, Syriam, Asiam, Graeciam, deligere iterum consul absens bellumque maximum conficies, Numantiam exscindes. |||you will have destroyed||you have acted||you will have been||you will serve|||||||again|||||complete war||You will destroy ||||||検閲官となり|||死去する|使節|||||||||||完遂する||破壊する Aber wenn ihr Karthago gestürzt und gesiegt habt und Zensoren gewesen seid und die Botschafter Ägyptens, Syriens, Asiens und Griechenlands getötet habt, werdet ihr in seiner Abwesenheit wieder einen Konsul wählen und einen großen Krieg führen und Numantia abschneiden. When, however, have destroyed Carthage, the triumph of your task and criticizing the Legate thou shalt proceed to Egypt, Syria, Asia and Greece, the greatest work them up a second time consul in his absence, and the war, Numantia. 「しかし、君がカルタゴを滅ぼし、凱旋し元老院議員になり、エジプト、シリア、アジア、ギリシャを訪れた後、再び不在のまま元老院議員を選出し、最大の戦争を成し遂げ、ヌマンティアを破壊するだろう。」 Sed cum eris curru in Capitolium invectus, offendes rem publicam consiliis perturbatam nepotis mei. ||||||driven in|you will offend||||disturbed plans|| ||いるとき|||||||||混乱した|| Aber wenn Sie ins Kapitol gefahren werden, werden Sie auf einen Zustand stoßen, der durch die Pläne meines Neffen gestört wird. But when you are driven into the Capitol, you will encounter a state disturbed by the plans of my nephew. Ma quando verrai portato in Campidoglio in macchina, incontrerai uno stato turbato dai piani di mio nipote. しかし、君が戦車でカピトリウムに乗り込んだとき、私の甥の為に乱された共和国の事態に出くわすだろう。

(12) Hic tu, Africane, ostendas oportebit patriae lumen animi, ingenii consiliique tui. |||||||spirit|of genius|wisdom| (12) Hier müssen Sie, Afrikaner, Ihrem Land das Licht Ihres Geistes, Ihres Talents und Ihrer Pläne zeigen. (12) Here you, African, will have to show your country the light of your mind, your talent and your plans. (12) ここで、アフリカヌスよ、おまえは祖国のためにおまえの精神の輝きを、才能と計画を示さねばならぬ。 Sed eius temporis ancipitem video quasi fatorum viam. |||二つの方向の|||| Aber ich sehe den Rand seiner Zeit als den Pfad des Schicksals. But I see the edge of his time as the path of fate. しかし、その時の状況は、運命の道のりのように曖昧だと思う。 Nam cum aetas tua septenos octiens solis anfractus reditusque converterit duoque hi numeri, quorum uterque plenus alter altera de causa habetur, circuitu naturali summam tibi fatalem confecerint, in te unum atque in tuum nomen se tota convertet civitas; te senatus, te omnes boni, te socii, te Latini intuebuntur; tu eris unus, in quo nitatur civitatis salus, ac, ne multa, dictator rem publicam constituas oportet, si impias propinquorum manus effugeris. '" |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||will regard||||||||||||||||it is necessary||wicked||| ||||七年ごとに|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| For when your age has turned seven times eight times the turning of the sun, and the returns of the sun, and these two numbers, each of which is considered full, the other for the other's cause, have completed the sum fatal to you in the natural circuit, the whole city will turn itself to you one and to your name; The senate, all the good men, the associates, the Latins will look at you; you will be one on whom the safety of the commonwealth depends, and you must, lest many, become a dictator of the state, if you escape from the hands of impious relatives. "" Perché quando la tua età avrà compiuto sette volte otto volte il volgere del sole e i ritorni del sole, e questi due numeri, ciascuno dei quali è considerato pieno, l'altro per l'altro motivo, hanno completato la somma che ti è fatale in il ciclo naturale, tutta la città si rivolgerà a te uno e al tuo nome; Il senato, tutti i buoni, gli alleati, i latini ti guarderanno; sarai uno su cui poggia la sicurezza dello Stato, e dovrai stabilire un dittatore, se sfuggirai alle mani dei tuoi empi parenti. "" Hic cum exclamasset Laelius ingemuissentque vehementius ceteri: "St! |when|||||| Darauf, als Laelius geschrien und die anderen heftiger gestöhnt hatten: „St! At this, when Laelius had cried out, and the others had groaned more vehemently: "St! Quaeso", inquit, "Ne me ex somno excitetis et parumper audite cetera! ||||||||for a moment|| Bitte«, sagte er, »weck mich nicht aus dem Schlaf und hör dir den Rest noch eine Weile an! Please," he said, "don't wake me up from my sleep and listen to the rest for a while! (13) 'Sed quo sis, Africane, alacrior ad tutandam rem publicam, sic habeto, omnibus, qui patriam conservaverint, adiuverint, auxerint, certum esse in caelo definitum locum, ubi beati aevo sempiterno fruantur; nihil est enim illi principi deo, qui omnem mundum regit, quod quidem in terris fiat, acceptius quam concilia coetusque hominum iure sociati, quae 'civitates' appellantur; harum rectores et conservatores hinc profecti huc revertuntur. ' ||||more eager||protecting|||||||||they will have helped|they have increased||||||||||||||||||||the world|||||||||||||||||||||||| (13) "But when you're Africanus, devoted to the welfare state, so be sure that all those who have guarded, made its fixed place in Heaven is the place where the blessed enjoy everlasting life; there is nothing to him, the prince of God, who governs the entire world, which, indeed, in the earth is more acceptable than those assemblages and combinations of men united by Law, known as 'cities' are called; the rulers and preservers whereof coming forth from this place, return thither. ' (14) Hic ego, etsi eram perterritus non tam mortis metu quam insidiarum a meis, quaesivi tamen, viveretne ipse et Paulus pater et alii, quos nos exstinctos arbitraremur. ||||terrified||||fear|||||I asked||||||||||||we would consider (14) Here I, although I was terrified not so much by the fear of death as of an ambush by my own, yet I asked whether he and Paulus the father and others, whom we thought were extinct, were still alive. 'Immo vero', inquit, 'hi vivunt, qui e corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt, vestra vero, quae dicitur, vita mors est. |||||||of bodies|bonds|as if||prison|they have flown out||but||||| 'Yes indeed,' he says, 'they live who have escaped from the bonds of their bodies as if from a prison, but your life, as it is said, is death. «Sì, certo», dice, «vivono coloro che sono sfuggiti alle catene dei loro corpi come da una prigione, ma la tua vita, come si dice, è la morte. Quin tu aspicis ad te venientem Paulum patrem?' Why do you look at Father Paulus coming towards you?' Quem ut vidi, equidem vim lacrimarum profudi, ille autem me complexus atque osculans flere prohibebat. ||||||||||embrace||kissing|| As I saw him, I actually shed tears, but he stopped me from crying by embracing and kissing me.

(15) Atque ut ego primum fletu represso loqui posse coepi: 'Quaeso', inquam, 'pater sanctissime atque optime, quoniam haec est vita, ut Africanum audio dicere, quid moror in terris? ||||with tears|||be able|||||most holy|||since|||||||||linger||lands (15) And as I began to be able to speak for the first time, restrained by tears: 'Please,' I said, 'father most holy and best, since this is life, as I hear an African saying, why am I lingering on earth? Quin huc ad vos venire propero?' |||||hurry Why am I hurrying to come here to you?' 'Non est ita,' inquit ille. 'It is not so,' said he. 'Nisi enim deus is, cuius hoc templum est omne, quod conspicis, istis te corporis custodiis liberaverit, huc tibi aditus patere non potest. For unless that god, whose temple is all that you see, has freed you from these physical guards, access here cannot be open to you. Homines enim sunt hac lege generati, qui tuerentur illum globum, quem in hoc templo medium vides, quae terra dicitur, iisque animus datus est ex illis sempiternis ignibus, quae sidera et stellas vocatis, quae globosae et rotundae, divinis animatae mentibus, circulos suos orbesque conficiunt celeritate mirabili. |||||generated||||||||temple||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| For men were born by this law, who were to protect that globe, which you see in the middle of this temple, which is called the earth, and to them the mind was given from those eternal fires, which are called stars and stars, which are spherical and round, animated by divine minds, their circles and orbs they accomplish it with wonderful speed. Quare et tibi, Publi, et piis omnibus retinendus animus est in custodia corporis nec iniussu eius, a quo ille est vobis datus, ex hominum vita migrandum est, ne munus humanum assignatum a deo defugisse videamini. Wherefore, both for you, Publius, and for all the pious, the mind must be kept in the custody of the body, and must not be moved out of the life of men at the command of him by whom it was given to you, lest you should be seen to have fled from the human task assigned to you by God. (16) Sed sic, Scipio, ut avus hic tuus, ut ego, qui te genui, iustitiam cole et pietatem, quae cum magna in parentibus et propinquis tum in patria maxima est; ea vita via est in caelum et in hunc coetum eorum, qui iam vixerunt et corpore laxati illum incolunt locum, quem vides.' (16) But in this way, Scipio, like your grandfather, like me who begat you, practice justice and piety, which, when great among parents and relatives, is also great in the country; that life is the way to heaven, and to this group of those who have already lived and, having relaxed their bodies, inhabit that place which you see.' Erat autem is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circus elucens. ||||||flames|| Now he was shining with the most splendid whiteness among the flames of the circus. 'Quem vos, ut a Graiis accepistis, orbem lacteum nuncupatis.' ||||||||call "Whom you, as you received from the Greeks, call the milky world." Ex quo omnia mihi contemplanti praeclara cetera et mirabilia videbantur. From that time everything else seemed to me to be excellent and wonderful to the beholder. Erant autem eae stellae, quas numquam ex hoc loco vidimus, et eae magnitudines omnium, quas esse numquam suspicati sumus; ex quibus erat ea minima, quae ultima a caelo, citima a terris luce lucebat aliena. And there were those stars, which we had never seen from this place, and those greatnesses of all things, which we had never suspected to be; of which she was the smallest, the last from heaven, the furthest from earth, shining with a foreign light. Stellarum autem globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant. ||spheres|||| But the stars were easily the size of the earth. Iam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri, quo quasi punctum eius attingimus, paeniteret. ||||||||||||||||we touch|regret Now the earth itself seemed so small to me, that I regretted our empire, at which we reached, as it were, the point of it.

(17) Quam cum magis intuerer: 'Quaeso,' inquit Africanus, 'quousque humi defixa tua mens erit? |||||||||fixed to the ground||| (17) When I looked more closely: 'Please,' said the Africanus, 'how long will your mind be fixed on the ground? Nonne aspicis, quae in templa veneris? |||||Venus Do you not look at what you come to the temples? Novem tibi orbibus vel potius globis conexa sunt omnia, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur, summus ipse deus arcens et continens ceteros; in quo sunt infixi illi, qui volvuntur, stellarum cursus sempiterni. ||||||||||||||||||highest|||enclosing containing||||||||||revolve|||everlasting All things are connected to thee in nine orbs, or rather globes, one of which is celestial, the outermost, which embraces all the rest, the supreme god himself restraining and containing the rest; in which are embedded those who roll, the eternal course of the stars. Cui subiecti sunt septem, qui versantur retro contrario motu atque caelum. The seven are subject to him, who are turned back and forth in opposite motion, and the sky. Ex quibus summum globum possidet illa, quam in terris Saturniam nominant. Of which the highest group belongs to that which in the earth they call Saturnia. Deinde est hominum generi prosperus et salutaris ille fulgor, qui dicitur Iovis; tum rutilus horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis; deinde subter mediam fere regionem Sol obtinet, dux et princeps et moderator luminum reliquorum, mens mundi et temperatio, tanta magnitudine, ut cuncta sua luce lustret et compleat. Then||||||salutary||brightness|||||reddish|and horrible|||||||middle||||obtains|||||||||||||||all|||to shine||and complete Then there is that light which is called Jupiter, which is prosperous and salutary to the human race; then the red and terrible earth, which you call March; then the sun occupies almost the middle of the region below, the leader and chief and controller of the rest of the lights, the mind and moderation of the world, so great that it illuminates and completes everything with its light. Hunc ut comites consequuntur Veneris alter, alter Mercurii cursus, in infimoque orbe Luna radiis solis accensa convertitur. ||companions|||other||||||||rays|||it is turned This is followed by the course of one Friday, the other of Mercury, and in the lowest orb the Moon, illuminated by the rays of the sun, is turned. Infra autem iam nihil est nisi mortale et caducum praeter animos munere deorum hominum generi datos; supra Lunam sunt aeterna omnia. ||||||||caducum = fallen|except||by the gift|||||||||all Now below there is nothing but mortal and transitory, except the souls given to the race of men by the function of the gods; Above the Moon are all things eternal. Nam ea, quae est media et nona, Tellus, neque movetur et infima est, et in eam feruntur omnia nutu suo pondera. ' |||||||||||infima|||||are carried||by its motion||weights For that which is the middle and the ninth, the Earth, is not moved and is the lowest, and all the weights are focused on it by its nod. ' (18) Quae cum intuerer stupens, ut me recepi: 'Quid hic?' which|||||||| (18) When I looked at them in astonishment, I asked myself: 'What is here?' inquam, 'quis est, qui complet aures, tantus et tam dulcis sonus?' I say, 'Who is it that fills the ears with so great and so sweet a sound?' 'Hic est,' inquit, 'ille, qui intervallis disiunctus imparibus, sed tamen pro rata parte distinctis, impulsu et motu ipsorum orbium efficitur et acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit; nec enim silentio tanti motus incitari possunt, et natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||other||| 'This is,' he says, 'which, separated by odd intervals, but still distinct for a fair part, is made by the impulse and motion of the orbs themselves, and by balancing the sharps with the lows, produces various uniform concerts; for neither can they be excited by silence, and nature causes them to sound heavily on the one side, and sharply on the other. Quam ob causam summus ille caeli stellifer cursus, cuius conversio est concitatior, acuto et excitato movetur sono, gravissimo autem hic lunaris atque infimus; nam terra nona immobilis manens una sede semper haeret complexa medium mundi locum. For this reason, that highest starry course of the sky, whose conversion is more excited, is moved by a sharp and excited sound, but this is the most severe and lowest of the lunar; for the ninth earth, remaining motionless in one seat, always clings to the complex middle place of the world. Illi autem octo cursus, in quibus eadem vis est duorum, septem efficiunt distinctos intervallis sonos, qui numerus rerum omnium fere nodus est; quod docti homines nervis imitati atque cantibus aperuerunt sibi reditum in hunc locum, sicut alii, qui praestantibus ingeniis in vita humana divina studia coluerunt. |||||||force power|||||||sounds|||||almost|knot|||||strings|imitated||songs|opened up|||||||||outstanding minds|||||||worshipped cultivated Now those eight courses, in which the force of two is the same, make seven distinct sounds at intervals, which number is almost the knot of all things; that the learned men imitated their nerves and opened for themselves a return to this place with songs, like others who, with excellent talents, worshiped the divine studies in human life. (19) Hoc sonitu oppletae aures hominum obsurduerunt; nec est ullus hebetior sensus in vobis, sicut, ubi Nilus ad illa, quae Catadupa nominantur, praecipitat ex altissimis montibus, ea gens, quae illum locum accolit, propter magnitudinem sonitus sensu audiendi caret. ||filled|ears||became deaf|||any|duller|||in you|as||||||cataracts|||||||||||inhabits||||||sound (19) Filled with this noise, the ears of men became deaf; nor is there any duller sense among you, as when the Nile rushes down from the highest mountains to those which are called Catadupa, those people who welcome that place lack the sense of hearing because of the greatness of the sound. Hic vero tantus est totius mundi incitatissima conversione sonitus, ut eum aures hominum capere non possint, sicut intueri solem adversum nequitis, eiusque radiis acies vestra sensusque vincitur. ' |||||||||||||to perceive||can capture|just as||||brightness|its|||your senses||is conquered This, however, is so great a noise, that the whole world is excited by the revolution, that the ears of men cannot receive it, just as looking at the sun against the wicked, and by its rays your line and sense are overcome. ' Haec ego admirans referebam tamen oculos ad terram identidem. ||||||||again and again I, wondering at these things, still kept my eyes fixed on the ground.

(20) Tum Africanus: 'Sentio,' inquit, 'te sedem etiam nunc hominum ac domum contemplari; quae si tibi parva, ut est, ita videtur, haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito! ||||||||of men||||||||||||||||||despise (20) Then the Africanus: 'I feel,' said he, 'that even now the seat of men and the house are contemplated; which if small to you, as it is, seems so, always looking at these heavenly things, and despising those human things! Tu enim quam celebritatem sermonis hominum aut quam expetendam consequi gloriam potes? For what celebrity can you obtain in the speech of men, or what glory you desire? Vides habitari in terra raris et angustis in locis et in ipsis quasi maculis, ubi habitatur, vastas solitudines interiectas eosque, qui incolunt terram, non modo interruptos ita esse, ut nihil inter ipsos ab aliis ad alios manare possit, sed partim obliquos, partim transversos, partim etiam adversos stare vobis; a quibus exspectare gloriam certe nullam potestis. ||||||narrow|||||||spots|||||interspersed||||||by the way|broken|thus|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| You see that they dwell in the land in rare and narrow places, and in the very places where they dwell, vast deserts interspersed, and those who inhabit the land are not only so interrupted that nothing can flow between them from one to another, but partly obliquely, partly transversely. , partly even to stand against you; from whom you certainly cannot expect any glory.

(21) Cernis autem eandem terram quasi quibusdam redimitam et circumdatam cingulis, e quibus duos maxime inter se diversos et caeli verticibus ipsis ex utraque parte subnixos obriguisse pruina vides, medium autem illum et maximum solis ardore torreri. you see||the same||||redeemed|||belts|||||||||of the heavens|||||||has hardened|frost||||||||heat of the sun|burn (21) But you see the same earth as if redeemed and surrounded by belts, of which the two most different from each other and supported by the vertices of the sky on either side are covered with frost, but the middle one and the greatest one are scorched by the heat of the sun. Duo sunt habitabiles, quorum australis ille, in quo, qui insistunt, adversa vobis urgent vestigia, nihil ad vestrum genus; hic autem alter subiectus aquiloni, quem incolitis, cerne quam tenui vos parte contingat! |||||||||||||footsteps|||your||||||north wind||you inhabit|see|||||touches you There are two habitable places, of which the one to the south, in which those who persist, press their steps against you, has nothing to do with your race; but this other subject of the north, whom you inhabit, see how thinly it touches you! Omnis enim terra, quae colitur a vobis, angustata verticibus, lateribus latior, parva quaedam insula est circumfusa illo mari, quod 'Atlanticum', quod 'magnum', quem 'Oceanum' appellatis in terris; qui tamen tanto nomine quam sit parvus, vides. |||||||||sides|wider||||||||||||||||||||name|||| For every land which is worshiped by you, narrowed at its summits, wider at its sides, is a sort of small island surrounded by that sea, which is the 'Atlantic', which is the 'great', which you call the 'Ocean' on earth; you see who, however small he may be with such a name. (22) Ex his ipsis cultis notisque terris num aut tuum aut cuiusquam nostrum nomen vel Caucasum hunc, quem cernis, transcendere potuit vel illum Gangem tranatare? ||||||interrogative particle|||||||||||you see||||||swim across (22) From these very cultured and well-known lands, could either your name or that of any of ours cross this Caucasus which you see, or cross that Ganges? Quis in reliquis orientis aut obeuntis solis ultimis aut aquilonis austrive partibus tuum nomen audiet? |||||setting||||north|southern|parts|your|| Who will hear your name in the remaining parts of the rising or setting sun, or in the northern and eastern parts? Quibus amputatis cernis profecto, quantis in angustiis vestra se gloria dilatari velit. ||||||narrow straits|your|||| When you are amputated, you surely see how much glory wants to spread itself in your narrowness. Ipsi autem, qui de nobis loquuntur, quam loquentur diu? And those who speak of us, how long will they speak?

(23) Quin etiam si cupiat proles illa futurorum hominum deinceps laudes unius cuiusque nostrum a patribus acceptas posteris prodere, tamen propter eluviones exustionesque terrarum, quas accidere tempore certo necesse est, non modo non aeternam, sed ne diuturnam quidem gloriam assequi possumus. |||||||||||||||||to pass down|||||||||||||||||||||| (23) For even if those descendants of future men wish to pass on to posterity the praises of each one of us received from our fathers, yet because of the floods and burnings of the earth, which must certainly happen in time, we cannot achieve not only not eternal, but not even long-lasting glory. Quid autem interest ab iis, qui postea nascentur, sermonem fore de te, cum ab iis nullus fuerit, qui ante nati sunt—(24) qui nec pauciores et certe meliores fuerunt viri—praesertim cum apud eos ipsos, a quibus audiri nomen nostrum potest, nemo unius anni memoriam consequi possit. ||it matters||||||speech|||||||||||||||fewer|||better|were||especially since||||||||||||one||memory|achieve| But what difference does it make to those who will be born later, that there will be a conversation about you, since there was none of those who were born before - (24) who were neither fewer nor certainly better men - especially when among those very people from whom our name can be heard , no one can achieve the memory of one year. Homines enim populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri, reditu metiuntur; cum autem ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint eandemque totius caeli discriptionem longis intervallis rettulerint, tum ille vere vertens annus appellari potest; in quo vix dicere audeo, quam multa hominum saecula teneantur. ||||only|of the sun|||||return|measure||||the same||||||||the same|of the whole|||||they have returned||||||||||hardly||dare|||||are held For men popularly measure the year only by the return of the sun, that is, of one star; But when all the stars have returned to the same place from which they once departed, and have brought back the same distribution of the whole sky at long intervals, then that can truly be called a turning year. in which I hardly dare to say how many centuries of men are held. Namque ut olim deficere sol hominibus exstinguique visus est, cum Romuli animus haec ipsa in templa penetravit, quandoque ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium stellisque revocatis expletum annum habeto; cuius quidem anni nondum vicesimam partem scito esse conversam. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||called back|||||||||||| For as the sun once appeared to men to fail and be extinguished, when the mind of Romulus penetrated these very things into the temples, sometimes the sun fails again from the same side and at the same time; the twentieth part of which year is not yet known to have been converted.

(25) Quocirca si reditum in hunc locum desperaveris, in quo omnia sunt magnis et praestantibus viris, quanti tandem est ista hominum gloria, quae pertinere vix ad unius anni partem exiguam potest? therefore||||||you despair|||||||outstanding|||||||||pertain|hardly|||||small| (25) Therefore, if you despair of returning to this place, in which everything belongs to great and distinguished men, how much is this glory of men, which can hardly belong to a small part of one year?

Igitur, alte spectare si voles atque hanc sedem et aeternam domum contueri, neque te sermonibus vulgi dederis nec in praemiis humanis spem posueris rerum tuarum! ||||you wish|||||||to behold|||conversations of the crowd|of the crowd|you give yourself||||human affairs||you have placed||your things Therefore, look deeply, if you wish to establish this seat and eternal home, and do not give yourself up to the words of the common people, nor place your hope in human rewards! Suis te oportet illecebris ipsa virtus trahat ad verum decus; quid de te alii loquantur, ipsi videant! ||it is necessary|enticements||virtue|draw|||true honor|||||may speak||they may see Virtue itself must draw thee to the true beauty of its temptations; let them see for themselves what others speak of thee! Sed loquentur tamen; sermo autem omnis ille et angustiis cingitur iis regionum, quas vides, nec umquam de ullo perennis fuit et obruitur hominum interitu et oblivione posteritatis exstinguitur. ' |||||||||is surrounded||of the regions|||||||perennial|was||is buried||destruction||oblivion|of posterity|is extinguished But they will still speak; but all that talk is surrounded by narrowness in those regions which you see, and has never been of any lasting nature, and is overwhelmed by the destruction of men and is extinguished by the oblivion of posterity. ' (26) Quae cum dixisset: 'Ego vero,' inquam, 'Africane, si quidem bene meritis de patria quasi limes ad caeli aditus patet, quamquam a pueritia vestigiis ingressus patris et tuis decori vestro non defui, nunc tamen tanto praemio exposito enitar multo vigilantius.' ||||||||||merits||||boundary||||is open|||||||||your glory|||I have not failed||||reward|reward being offered|I will strive||more vigilantly Et ille: 'Tu vero enitere et sic habeto, non esse te mortalem, sed corpus hoc; nec enim tu is es, quem forma ista declarat, sed mens cuiusque is est quisque, non ea figura, quae digito demonstrari potest. ||||shine||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||finger|pointed out| And he said: 'Truly you go forth, and so I have it, that you are not mortal, but this body; for you are not the one whom that form declares, but the mind of each is each, not that figure which can be pointed out with the finger. Deum te igitur scito esse, si quidem est deus, qui viget, qui sentit, qui meminit, qui providet, qui tam regit et moderatur et movet id corpus, cui praepositus est, quam hunc mundum ille princeps deus, et ut mundum ex quadam parte mortalem ipse deus aeternus, sic fragile corpus animus sempiternus movet. ||||||||||lives||||remembers||provides|||||governs||||||is placed over|||||||||||||||||eternal||fragile body|||everlasting soul|moves Know therefore that there is a God, if indeed there is a God, who lives, who feels, who remembers, who provides, who rules and controls and moves that body to which he is in charge, as well as this world, that prince god, and as the world from a certain part the eternal god himself moves the mortal, so the eternal mind moves the fragile body.

(27) Nam quod semper movetur, aeternum est. ||always||eternal| (27) For that which is always in motion is eternal. Quod autem motum affert alicui, quodque ipsum agitatur aliunde, quando finem habet motus, vivendi finem habeat necesse est. ||motion||to someone|||is acted upon|||||motion|of living|||| But that which brings motion to something, and which itself is moved from another source, when it has an end to motion, must necessarily have an end to living. Solum igitur, quod se movet, quia numquam deseritur a se, numquam ne moveri quidem desinit. ||||||||||||||ceases to move Therefore only that which moves, because it is never abandoned by itself, never even ceases to be moved. Quin etiam ceteris, quae moventur, hic fons, hoc principium est movendi. ||the others||||source||||of movement Moreover, for the rest of the things that move, this is the source, this is the principle of movement. Principii autem nulla est origo; nam ex principio oriuntur omnia, ipsum autem nulla ex re alia nasci potest; nec enim esset id principium, quod gigneretur aliunde. Principle|||||||principle|||||||||be born||||||||| Quodsi numquam oritur, ne occidit quidem umquam. but if||rises|||| Nam principium exstinctum nec ipsum ab alio renascetur nec ex se aliud creabit, si quidem necesse est a principio oriri omnia. ||extinct||||another|||from|||will create|||||||arise| For an extinct principle will neither itself be reborn from another, nor will it create something else from itself, if indeed all things must arise from a beginning. Ita fit, ut motus principium ex eo sit, quod ipsum a se movetur. Thus it happens that the principle of movement is from that which itself is moved by itself. Id autem nec nasci potest nec mori; vel concidat omne caelum omnisque natura et consistat necesse est nec vim ullam nanciscatur, qua a primo impulsa moveatur. ||||||die||fall|||and all|||stand|||||any|obtain||||impulse|be moved But this can neither be born nor die; or else all heaven and all nature should fall, and it must necessarily stand still, and not acquire any force by which it was moved by the first impulse. (28) Cum pateat igitur aeternum id esse, quod a se ipso moveatur, quis est, qui hanc naturam animis esse tributam neget? |it is evident|||||||||it is moved||||||||attributed|denies (28) Since then it is clear that eternal is that which is moved by itself, who is there who denies that this nature is a tribute to souls? Inanimum est enim omne, quod pulsu agitatur externo; quod autem est animal, id motu cietur interno et suo; nam haec est propria natura animi atque vis. |||||pulse|||||||||is moved|internal||||||proper|||| For everything that is moved by an external pulse is inanimate; Now that which is an animal, that is due to its internal and its own motion. for this is the proper nature of the mind and force. Quae si est una ex omnibus, quae sese moveat, neque nata certe est et aeterna est. |||||||itself|||born||||| If it is one of all that moves itself, it is certainly not born and is eternal.

(29) Hanc tu exerce optimis in rebus! ||practice|the best|| (29) You practice this in the best of things! Sunt autem optimae curae de salute patriae; quibus agitatus et exercitatus animus velocius in hanc sedem et domum suam pervolabit; idque ocius faciet, si iam tum, cum erit inclusus in corpore, eminebit foras et ea, quae extra erunt, contemplans quam maxime se a corpore abstrahet. ||||||||agitated||||more quickly|||||||will fly|and that|more quickly|||||||enclosed|||will stand out|||||||contemplating||||||will withdraw Now there are the best cares for the safety of the country; by which the mind, agitated and exercised, will fly faster to this seat and its home; and he will do this more quickly, if, even then, when he is enclosed in the body, he will look outside and contemplate what will be outside, and withdraw himself as much as possible from the body. Namque eorum animi, qui se corporis voluptatibus dediderunt earumque se quasi ministros praebuerunt impulsuque libidinum voluptatibus oboedientium deorum et hominum iura violaverunt, corporibus elapsi circum terram ipsam volutantur nec hunc in locum nisi multis exagitati saeculis revertuntur. ' ||||||pleasures||||||they offered|impulse of|of lust||of the obeying|||||violated the rights|bodies|having escaped||||roll around|||||||agitated|centuries| For the souls of those who gave themselves up to the pleasures of the body and presented themselves as their servants and violated the rights of the gods and men obeying the pleasures of their lusts, with their bodies they roll around the earth itself and do not return to this place unless they have been agitated for many ages. ' Ille discessit; ego somno solutus sum. " ||||released from sleep| He departed; I was relieved by sleep. "