Nouns
Armenian nouns are words used to name a person, animal, place, thing, or abstract ideas.
Answer the questions who? (for people), what? (for animals and things).
Who?-մարդ (person), աղջիկ (girl)
What?-տուն (house), կատու (cat)
NUMBER
The endings –եր, -ներ are plural endings in Armenian.
✓ Single –syllable words usually form their plural by adding –եր․
✓ Posyllabic words are made plural by adding –ներ․
E.g.մայր-մայրեր, որդի-որդիներ
Some irregular plurals:
Մարդ-մարդիկ | person-people |
Կին-կանայք | woman-women |
Տղամարդ-տղամարդիկ | man-men |
Պարոն-պարոնայք | sir, mister -gentlemen |
CASE
Armenian nouns have a base or dictionary form. To this form we can add different endings to change the noun's meaning or function. There are 7 cases in Armenian.
1. NOMINATIVE |
ուսանող (ը) |
-ը,-ն |
2. GENITIVE |
ուսանողի |
case endings:-ի, վա,ան, ոջ, |
3. DATIVE |
ուսանողին |
gen. +ը, ն |
4. ACCUSATIVE |
ուսանողին |
people are declined in the |
5. ABLATIVE |
ուսանողից |
-ից, ուց |
6. INSTRUMENTAL |
ուսանողով |
-ով,-մբ |
7. LOCATIVE |
ուսանողի մեջ |
gen. +մեջ |
- NAMINATIVE is the case of the subject.
- GENITIVE is the possessive case.
- DATIVE is the case of the indirect object.
- ACCUSATIVE is the case of the direct object.
- ABLATIVE shows from what or from whom the action originates.
- INSTRUMENTAL indicates the means by which an action is performed.
- LOCATIVE indicates the place where the action occurs.
GENITIVE CASE-
EXTERNAL DECLENSION
-ի- |
դասախոսի-lecture's |
-ու |
մարդ-մարդու the man's |
-ոջ |
քույր-քրոջ sister's |
-ան |
գարուն-գարնան of spring |
-վա |
ժամ-ժամվա of the hour |
-ց |
մերոնք-մերոնց my folks' |
INTERNAL DECLENSION
-ա- |
տուն-տան of the house |
-ո |
հայր-հոր father's |
ARTICLES
In Armenian there are endings that replace pronouns. There are called articles.
✓ They are ս,դ,ն ,ը
✓ ս,դ are in a special category of possessive articles. They are added at the end of the noun to express the meaning of English possessive pronouns, and they replace the first and the second person possessive pronouns in the sentence to men my or your.
Ս=my մայրս- my mother
Դ =your մայրդ- your mother
✓ Ը, ն are definite articles in Armenian, meaning "the".
Տունը- the house
Կատուն- the cat
If the words end with consonant, we use ը,if with vowel- ն․
Տուն-տունը
Կատու-կատուն